Sure, you were in love in the beginning. You just wanted to spend time with each other. It didn't matter what you did and, whenever things in your life were very bad or very good, he was the first person you called.
Things are different now, though.
A lot of couples say they just want to "be back to where we used to be", but I always tell them this isn't so. Going back to the giddy, "in love" beginning might sound great, but you came to the current moment from that place. We want you to be better. Or not to be together.
I'm all good with helping couples learn how to work through conflict to a resolution that enables them to enjoy each other again. I think this is as exciting as it is challenging.
It is a sad reality, though, that one half of that couple has already decided to leave the relationship in a significant percent of couples who walk through my door. Many have fought the good fight so long that any emotional attachment to the partner is faded.
Sometimes the relationship has been estranged and/or conflicted to the point that one or both have found other romantic partners. They either come to see me because 1.) they want to make sure they've done everything, 2.) because they're worried about the mate they're leaving and want me to help soften the blow, 3.) they've 'fallen in love' with someone else or 4. because they just don't know how to say they're leaving.
When a person has decided to leave a relationship, they're leaving.
I, as a therapist don't have any right to offer them feedback they don't want. I don't get to tell them what I think they should choose. I don't get to tell them what to do. It's not my place. On random occasions when I can, I usually point out relationship challenges that will probably pop up in the next relationship. If an individual doesn't speak up with one partner, they're not likely to do so with a different mate. We take our personal challenges with us. Relationships involve two people and the issues of both of those individuals.
No matter what songs and stories have said, there's no one magic person with whom all our issues disappear. Leaving one mate doesn't usually solve our personal struggles to stand up for ourselves, express ourselves or learn to be truthful.
It's also easier to address personal relationship challenges--behaviors that come back to bite you--when you're in a relationship. While it may seem like a great plan to get everything fixed before you wade into dating, this isn't a very functional plan. We learn best in interaction and while therapy is an interaction of a sort, the most powerful learning comes from working through issues with the person closest to you.
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Note: Due to the volume of questions that Dr. Doss receives, not all email questions can or will be addressed. Please browse the list of articles on this site or use the search function to look for articles that may address your situation.
Friday, October 25, 2013
Saturday, October 19, 2013
DON'T EXPLAIN TO YOUR PARTNER
You don't mean to be defensive; you're just trying to explain. In the middle of a relationship conflict, however, no one wants to be explained to.
Communication in relationships is often complicated. The most frequent complaint I hear from clients is that their mate doesn't listen. The partner, however, insists he listens. Who's right? It doesn't matter because no one feels good in this scenario.
In the middle of the conflict, we miss some important points. Most people have no idea how to listen and to convey this listening to their partners. I get that it's very difficult to listen--without explaining--to whatever your mate is saying. Often the words thrown at you are accusations and who doesn't want to explain when accused?
Actual, effective listening, though, requires you to attend to what your mate is saying, without defending or explaining yourself. This involves making eye contact and actually hearing the other person's feelings. Most of us aren't very good at communicating feelings. We say things like "I feel that you...." which is not actually a feel, but an assessment of your motives.
So the words that come toward you from your partner may be unclear and jumbled. But this doesn't matter, as much as you receiving whatever is said.
First off, let your partner finish her own sentences. This is often difficult when your own feelings get roused.
Second, act like you're a receiver. Be the catcher on a softball team. Pretend you're taking notes for a test you'll be taking later. Do you're best to receive what your partner says. When you're a student in class, you take notes that you'll possibly need for a later exam. You don't (if you have any smarts) argue with the teacher that what he's saying is all wrong.
Use this same mode when you're communicating with your mate. Resist the urge to point out that it was the week before last, not last week. Don't rush in to accuse your partner of having recently done something worse. Just take in what is being said. It is important that you're able to repeat back to your partner what has been said to you. And you need to do this to your partner's satisfaction. You need him or her to nod and say, "You got it."
I cannot state strongly enough that this is not the time to disagree. You don't have to say that you agree(you probably won't), but you certainly don't need to tell you partner that she's all wrong.
Try to remember that you want this relationship. If you don't, get the hell out.
If you would like to continue being partners, you need to know what your mate thinks and feels. Get the message. When you've done this to your mate's satisfaction, then you can carefully say what you feel. I suggest you do this carefully because you have a better chance of being heard if you don't tell your partner what you think he thinks. This will backfire.
Talk simply about what you feel--"When you do blank, I feel angry/unloved/misunderstood/disregarded."
Note that there is no accusation in this sentence. You aren't attacking your partner. You aren't explaining yourself. Do you want your partner to explain him or herself when you've brought up an issue? Think carefully about this. You may say you want an explanation, but these usually feel like excuses.
What you really want is to be understood. You want your mate to get what you're saying, so do this yourself.
Resist the urge to explain.
Communication in relationships is often complicated. The most frequent complaint I hear from clients is that their mate doesn't listen. The partner, however, insists he listens. Who's right? It doesn't matter because no one feels good in this scenario.
In the middle of the conflict, we miss some important points. Most people have no idea how to listen and to convey this listening to their partners. I get that it's very difficult to listen--without explaining--to whatever your mate is saying. Often the words thrown at you are accusations and who doesn't want to explain when accused?
Actual, effective listening, though, requires you to attend to what your mate is saying, without defending or explaining yourself. This involves making eye contact and actually hearing the other person's feelings. Most of us aren't very good at communicating feelings. We say things like "I feel that you...." which is not actually a feel, but an assessment of your motives.
So the words that come toward you from your partner may be unclear and jumbled. But this doesn't matter, as much as you receiving whatever is said.
First off, let your partner finish her own sentences. This is often difficult when your own feelings get roused.
Second, act like you're a receiver. Be the catcher on a softball team. Pretend you're taking notes for a test you'll be taking later. Do you're best to receive what your partner says. When you're a student in class, you take notes that you'll possibly need for a later exam. You don't (if you have any smarts) argue with the teacher that what he's saying is all wrong.
Use this same mode when you're communicating with your mate. Resist the urge to point out that it was the week before last, not last week. Don't rush in to accuse your partner of having recently done something worse. Just take in what is being said. It is important that you're able to repeat back to your partner what has been said to you. And you need to do this to your partner's satisfaction. You need him or her to nod and say, "You got it."
I cannot state strongly enough that this is not the time to disagree. You don't have to say that you agree(you probably won't), but you certainly don't need to tell you partner that she's all wrong.
Try to remember that you want this relationship. If you don't, get the hell out.
If you would like to continue being partners, you need to know what your mate thinks and feels. Get the message. When you've done this to your mate's satisfaction, then you can carefully say what you feel. I suggest you do this carefully because you have a better chance of being heard if you don't tell your partner what you think he thinks. This will backfire.
Talk simply about what you feel--"When you do blank, I feel angry/unloved/misunderstood/disregarded."
Note that there is no accusation in this sentence. You aren't attacking your partner. You aren't explaining yourself. Do you want your partner to explain him or herself when you've brought up an issue? Think carefully about this. You may say you want an explanation, but these usually feel like excuses.
What you really want is to be understood. You want your mate to get what you're saying, so do this yourself.
Resist the urge to explain.
Friday, October 11, 2013
PARENT: VERB TO NOUN
When your kids were young, you fed them, pulled them out of stuck spots and kept them from running into the street. You changed their pants, talked to their teachers and gave them curfews that they tended to ignore.
In the beginning of children's lives, parenting is a verb. It involves lots of sometimes exhausting effort. You were the center of their lives. As they get older, however, the word "parent" changes.
When my daughter was sixteen and was employed at Six Flags, she worked her tushie off. But she also made mistakes, even calling in sick once--unbeknownst to me--when she was on a lark with friends. She got caught by her boss and when she came home with her tail between her legs, her dad and I sent her straight back to work to deal with the mess she'd made.
That was active parenting.
This same child of mine defended her dissertation today. She's grown up past the age of maturity and is in a psychology doctoral program. Defending a dissertation proposal is a fourth-year, near-the-end hurdle. Not passing the defense would mean a year delay in getting to the next step. Her father and I have both been through the hell of defending a proposal. Although professors are generally nice people, they don't make this at all easy.
This afternoon, her father and I sat at our desks, worrying and praying for her. Particularly since one of her committee members threw her a loop hours before the defense.
This is the Noun part of parenting. She's an adult. She no longer needs us to be active in directing her life. She doesn't need us pointing out her mistakes or telling her what she should do. She's not a young child, even though she's our child.
It's no longer okay for me to ask her where she's going, to tell her when she needs to get in, when she's at our house, or tell her what she ought to do. This phase of parenting is about being supportive and loving; not directive.
The transition from verb to noun can be difficult for both parents and children, but it's hugely important. We love our kids and yet we still forget to believe in them. Even though they screw up--which we all do lots of when we're young--they still have what it takes to make their way in this world.
The worst, most crippling thing that the parent of an adult can do is to rescue them from their own bad choices. Yes, I know it's very difficult to watch them suffer. Incredibly, incredibly difficult. But they deserve to have the learning that comes from cleaning up their own mistakes.
Don't give in to the urge to pull an adult child out of the fire.
I realize this is very difficult when we parents have been "helping" our kids all their lives. The shift from active supporter to cheering bystander is very difficult, but you need to convey to your children by your behavior that you know they can meet whatever challenge comes their way.
Find the balance--some parents can offer money toward the purchase of a home; some supported their kids through college. You can support your kids, but don't, however, do what they can do for themselves.
In the beginning of children's lives, parenting is a verb. It involves lots of sometimes exhausting effort. You were the center of their lives. As they get older, however, the word "parent" changes.
When my daughter was sixteen and was employed at Six Flags, she worked her tushie off. But she also made mistakes, even calling in sick once--unbeknownst to me--when she was on a lark with friends. She got caught by her boss and when she came home with her tail between her legs, her dad and I sent her straight back to work to deal with the mess she'd made.
That was active parenting.
This same child of mine defended her dissertation today. She's grown up past the age of maturity and is in a psychology doctoral program. Defending a dissertation proposal is a fourth-year, near-the-end hurdle. Not passing the defense would mean a year delay in getting to the next step. Her father and I have both been through the hell of defending a proposal. Although professors are generally nice people, they don't make this at all easy.
This afternoon, her father and I sat at our desks, worrying and praying for her. Particularly since one of her committee members threw her a loop hours before the defense.
This is the Noun part of parenting. She's an adult. She no longer needs us to be active in directing her life. She doesn't need us pointing out her mistakes or telling her what she should do. She's not a young child, even though she's our child.
It's no longer okay for me to ask her where she's going, to tell her when she needs to get in, when she's at our house, or tell her what she ought to do. This phase of parenting is about being supportive and loving; not directive.
The transition from verb to noun can be difficult for both parents and children, but it's hugely important. We love our kids and yet we still forget to believe in them. Even though they screw up--which we all do lots of when we're young--they still have what it takes to make their way in this world.
The worst, most crippling thing that the parent of an adult can do is to rescue them from their own bad choices. Yes, I know it's very difficult to watch them suffer. Incredibly, incredibly difficult. But they deserve to have the learning that comes from cleaning up their own mistakes.
Don't give in to the urge to pull an adult child out of the fire.
I realize this is very difficult when we parents have been "helping" our kids all their lives. The shift from active supporter to cheering bystander is very difficult, but you need to convey to your children by your behavior that you know they can meet whatever challenge comes their way.
Find the balance--some parents can offer money toward the purchase of a home; some supported their kids through college. You can support your kids, but don't, however, do what they can do for themselves.
Friday, October 4, 2013
RELATIONSHIP TROUBLE SIMMERING
All couples have disagreements at times, but trouble starts brewing when these conflicts aren't resolved. I mean, resolved so everyone feels understood and satisfied with the outcome. This means that both partners actually hear one another, paying attention to the concerns of both. Everyone comes out of these arguments feeling their issues were aired and seriously considered.
This is not always the case and it always leads to trouble.
I shudder when couples on home improvement reality shows talk about one person always getting his or her way. Think about it--do you like being with someone when you never win? When all you do is lose?
Of course, not. Initially, this may not seem like a big deal and a section of the population shrugs and goes along to keep the peace. The trouble is that this gets old fast. After a while, you find yourself choosing to be with others when before, you'd have chosen your mate.
Typically, people have relationship disagreements and--because they're tired of fighting--they get over it. This doesn't mean anything is resolved or that they feel good about the way things worked out, but you move on. You certainly don't think that these relationship problems are gaining strength. But, over time, this kind of situation breeds discontent and that leads to eventual relationship break-down.
Sadly, when the always-losing relationship partner gets finally fed up, they're done. They've been unhappy a long time--and have often thought of leaving for a long time. The relationship is over with little chance of revival. The partner who usually wins all disagreements is stunned, unable to believe that things are this bad. But this is when the unhappy partner is half-way out the door.
Sometimes, they've become interested in someone else or some other life issue has brought them to a turning point.
It's a bad thing when one partner is always right.
Getting outside, professional input when your relationship has a fighting chance is only smart. If you find yourself with a flickering interest in extramarital party or if you find yourself dreaming of living alone--get relationship help immediately.
Don't wait until it's too late.
This is not always the case and it always leads to trouble.
I shudder when couples on home improvement reality shows talk about one person always getting his or her way. Think about it--do you like being with someone when you never win? When all you do is lose?
Of course, not. Initially, this may not seem like a big deal and a section of the population shrugs and goes along to keep the peace. The trouble is that this gets old fast. After a while, you find yourself choosing to be with others when before, you'd have chosen your mate.
Typically, people have relationship disagreements and--because they're tired of fighting--they get over it. This doesn't mean anything is resolved or that they feel good about the way things worked out, but you move on. You certainly don't think that these relationship problems are gaining strength. But, over time, this kind of situation breeds discontent and that leads to eventual relationship break-down.
Sadly, when the always-losing relationship partner gets finally fed up, they're done. They've been unhappy a long time--and have often thought of leaving for a long time. The relationship is over with little chance of revival. The partner who usually wins all disagreements is stunned, unable to believe that things are this bad. But this is when the unhappy partner is half-way out the door.
Sometimes, they've become interested in someone else or some other life issue has brought them to a turning point.
It's a bad thing when one partner is always right.
Getting outside, professional input when your relationship has a fighting chance is only smart. If you find yourself with a flickering interest in extramarital party or if you find yourself dreaming of living alone--get relationship help immediately.
Don't wait until it's too late.
Friday, September 27, 2013
DON'T JUST ASK
When clients sit in my office, explaining their relationship problems, I always ask about their communication and they always tell me that they listen well. I believe that they think they listen, but if their relationship partner is sitting in the session with them when I ask this question, they often shake their heads when I ask if their mate listens to them.
You think you're listening, but your partner doesn't feel heard. Something isn't working.
Many times, when partners are in the middle of conflicted conversations--that's all some relationships have--there's lots of talking, but no one is listening. This generally goes both ways, but your focus needs to be on what you're not doing. After all, you can change this.
Let's start with that one--look at yourself and what you are or aren't doing. I'm not saying everything is your problem or that you're the only one causing issues, but you have the most direct power over what you do. It only makes sense to start changing what you have direct control over--you.
The question isn't so much whether you think you're listening to your partner(most of us do think this). Ask your partner whether he or she feels heard by you.
Basic question. Needs to be asked simply. Don't add a lot of words to it, just ask.
Some of us talk too much, while others don't say nearly enough. To find out what's happening with your partner--you need to ask. Then listen without interrupting. Don't rush in to explain yourself. Absolutely don't say, "No, you don't feel that way." (I mean, who's the one who'd know best? You or your partner?)
If your mate claims that you don't listen, then maybe you'd better find out more. First, say that you want them to feel heard. This is true if you have any interest in the relationship. Yes, you want to feel heard, too. But you really do what him to feel you listen.
Next, invite your mate to tell you whatever she'd like. You may get blasted, but maybe not. Either way, resist the natural urge to defend yourself or explain whatever she's not taking into account. (Trust me, the urge will be strong.)
Then do your best to listen hard enough to be able to repeat back to her--to her satisfaction--what she said.
It's not enough to ask what's going or what's bothering him. You need to be engaged enough to be able to tell him--after he's told you--what's bothering him. Please don't try to tell him what you think is bothering him. It'll probably be wrong.
You think you're listening, but your partner doesn't feel heard. Something isn't working.
Many times, when partners are in the middle of conflicted conversations--that's all some relationships have--there's lots of talking, but no one is listening. This generally goes both ways, but your focus needs to be on what you're not doing. After all, you can change this.
Let's start with that one--look at yourself and what you are or aren't doing. I'm not saying everything is your problem or that you're the only one causing issues, but you have the most direct power over what you do. It only makes sense to start changing what you have direct control over--you.
The question isn't so much whether you think you're listening to your partner(most of us do think this). Ask your partner whether he or she feels heard by you.
Basic question. Needs to be asked simply. Don't add a lot of words to it, just ask.
Some of us talk too much, while others don't say nearly enough. To find out what's happening with your partner--you need to ask. Then listen without interrupting. Don't rush in to explain yourself. Absolutely don't say, "No, you don't feel that way." (I mean, who's the one who'd know best? You or your partner?)
If your mate claims that you don't listen, then maybe you'd better find out more. First, say that you want them to feel heard. This is true if you have any interest in the relationship. Yes, you want to feel heard, too. But you really do what him to feel you listen.
Next, invite your mate to tell you whatever she'd like. You may get blasted, but maybe not. Either way, resist the natural urge to defend yourself or explain whatever she's not taking into account. (Trust me, the urge will be strong.)
Then do your best to listen hard enough to be able to repeat back to her--to her satisfaction--what she said.
It's not enough to ask what's going or what's bothering him. You need to be engaged enough to be able to tell him--after he's told you--what's bothering him. Please don't try to tell him what you think is bothering him. It'll probably be wrong.
Friday, September 20, 2013
RELATIONSHIPS--THE COMPATIBILITY HOAX
Lots of people are looking for love and floundering around about what gives them the best shot at a satisfying, enduring love. After having several failed relationships, they often try to find a mate with whom they share preferences and opinions. This sadly can lead to even more relationship disaster.
The trouble is that individuals get confused between values and personality traits. You need to share one, but not the other.
My husband and I laugh remembering the incident when he talked me into helping him move a refrigerator down a flight of stairs. Just the two of us, mind you, and I'm not particularly brawny. Actually not at all. This happened early in our relationship (yes, we got it down the stairs without killing anyone, but it was close) and it functions as an example of all the times my risk-taking husband has talked me into stuff. Seriously, I sometimes doubt my own intelligence in these situations.
Still, Roger works for me partially because he is a risk-taker, unlike me. He thinks outside the box; he sees options I don't see. In short, he's nothing like me in this way. I close the cabinet doors as I walk through the kitchen. I throw away the top to the milk jug(without realizing he's still using it!) and I like to make lists.
He and I are not alike. Despite this, we've been married so long we sound much older than we are (early marriage!).
Being different in personality has been really good for us. We each have skills the other doesn't have. We see angles the other doesn't see. It's like having someone on the other end of the teeter totter--lots more fun than just sitting there by myself.
This wouldn't be true, however, if my husband and I had different values. From early on, we both valued education, we shared the same beliefs on religion and we even have pretty much the same politics.
We've had some rough spots(he wanted kids; I didn't) in the values area and we've had to make some challenging decisions, but after living with him--and working with lots of couples--I'm convinced that compatibility doesn't mean being the same. The problem with sharing the same outlook--seeing the world the same way--is that you have no one to help you see a different perspective. Seeing the other side of a question is always helpful. You may not change your mind, but your perspective is much better.
You don't have to be the same. Actually, it's probably better if you aren't. What you do need to have in common is your values. You need to want the same things in life. Values includes lifestyle and goals and they function to guide your life choices.
You need to respect your own perspective. You certainly have validity in your outlook, but compatibility doesn't mean your mate has to have the same perspective.
The trouble is that individuals get confused between values and personality traits. You need to share one, but not the other.
My husband and I laugh remembering the incident when he talked me into helping him move a refrigerator down a flight of stairs. Just the two of us, mind you, and I'm not particularly brawny. Actually not at all. This happened early in our relationship (yes, we got it down the stairs without killing anyone, but it was close) and it functions as an example of all the times my risk-taking husband has talked me into stuff. Seriously, I sometimes doubt my own intelligence in these situations.
Still, Roger works for me partially because he is a risk-taker, unlike me. He thinks outside the box; he sees options I don't see. In short, he's nothing like me in this way. I close the cabinet doors as I walk through the kitchen. I throw away the top to the milk jug(without realizing he's still using it!) and I like to make lists.
He and I are not alike. Despite this, we've been married so long we sound much older than we are (early marriage!).
Being different in personality has been really good for us. We each have skills the other doesn't have. We see angles the other doesn't see. It's like having someone on the other end of the teeter totter--lots more fun than just sitting there by myself.
This wouldn't be true, however, if my husband and I had different values. From early on, we both valued education, we shared the same beliefs on religion and we even have pretty much the same politics.
We've had some rough spots(he wanted kids; I didn't) in the values area and we've had to make some challenging decisions, but after living with him--and working with lots of couples--I'm convinced that compatibility doesn't mean being the same. The problem with sharing the same outlook--seeing the world the same way--is that you have no one to help you see a different perspective. Seeing the other side of a question is always helpful. You may not change your mind, but your perspective is much better.
You don't have to be the same. Actually, it's probably better if you aren't. What you do need to have in common is your values. You need to want the same things in life. Values includes lifestyle and goals and they function to guide your life choices.
You need to respect your own perspective. You certainly have validity in your outlook, but compatibility doesn't mean your mate has to have the same perspective.
Saturday, September 14, 2013
WHY DO THEY BATTER?
I recently came across a comment that lots of professionals weigh in on why people stay with partners who batter, but not many discuss why batters batter.
I'm not going to give you a diagnosis. These are offered up and folks latch on to them. Various labels are often thrown at each other in the manner of weapons. It doesn't help anyone. If you're in a physically or verbally abusive relationship, resist the urge to tell your mate what you think is wrong with him. It doesn't help in any way.
Battering behavior--hitting or physically assaulting your mate--can come from several places, but almost always, people hit when they struggle to better communicate whatever is going on with them. They will almost always say the victim wasn't listening or wouldn't listen any other way.
Like getting struck by the person you love makes you want to listen harder.
Although it may be difficult to understand, individuals who hurt others almost always feel justified in doing this. They don't feel powerful or strong or terrific about themselves. They almost always feel that the victim has in some way hurt them.
I'm not saying this is rational or that there is ever any reason to hit, shove or hurt another person. Not only does no one have this right, it just doesn't work to make things better.
Even in the most extreme situations, those who do horrific things have convinced themselves that there is no other option, no other way to get what they want/need. Afterwards, as victims are dealing with whatever injuries were inflicted on them, the one who struck out violently feels terrible. Some apologize profusely, others defend themselves by telling the victim they asked for it.
When the murderer Jeffrey Dahmer spoke of his crimes, he talked of doing unspeakable things to get the victims to stay with him.
Who hasn't struggled with loss, fear and anger in relationships? We've all felt hurt and most of us have struck out against the ones we loved with whom we were struggling--hopefully not struck out physically, but sometimes horrible words are said.
People who batter--both men and women--need better tools to deal with relationship issues. They need to learn effective communication. The term can sound ridiculous in this context, but learning to express and to listen to others can give individuals tremendous personal power. This is what those who hit need--personal power.
They also need to learn they can survive relationship loss. This hurts and it can leave us feeling bereft to the point of struggling to go on, but we have the capacity to deal with loss without demolishing ourselves or hurting others.l
I'm not going to give you a diagnosis. These are offered up and folks latch on to them. Various labels are often thrown at each other in the manner of weapons. It doesn't help anyone. If you're in a physically or verbally abusive relationship, resist the urge to tell your mate what you think is wrong with him. It doesn't help in any way.
Battering behavior--hitting or physically assaulting your mate--can come from several places, but almost always, people hit when they struggle to better communicate whatever is going on with them. They will almost always say the victim wasn't listening or wouldn't listen any other way.
Like getting struck by the person you love makes you want to listen harder.
Although it may be difficult to understand, individuals who hurt others almost always feel justified in doing this. They don't feel powerful or strong or terrific about themselves. They almost always feel that the victim has in some way hurt them.
I'm not saying this is rational or that there is ever any reason to hit, shove or hurt another person. Not only does no one have this right, it just doesn't work to make things better.
Even in the most extreme situations, those who do horrific things have convinced themselves that there is no other option, no other way to get what they want/need. Afterwards, as victims are dealing with whatever injuries were inflicted on them, the one who struck out violently feels terrible. Some apologize profusely, others defend themselves by telling the victim they asked for it.
When the murderer Jeffrey Dahmer spoke of his crimes, he talked of doing unspeakable things to get the victims to stay with him.
Who hasn't struggled with loss, fear and anger in relationships? We've all felt hurt and most of us have struck out against the ones we loved with whom we were struggling--hopefully not struck out physically, but sometimes horrible words are said.
People who batter--both men and women--need better tools to deal with relationship issues. They need to learn effective communication. The term can sound ridiculous in this context, but learning to express and to listen to others can give individuals tremendous personal power. This is what those who hit need--personal power.
They also need to learn they can survive relationship loss. This hurts and it can leave us feeling bereft to the point of struggling to go on, but we have the capacity to deal with loss without demolishing ourselves or hurting others.l
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